Abstract
The chapter contains general concepts of batteries, dimensions characterizing the condition of the battery and battery specifications. In Section 1.1 general concepts of batteries are explained, including cells, modules and packages, battery classification, C- and E-rates, and secondary and primary cells. Section 1.2 describes some of the variables used to describe the current battery condition, namely: state of charge, depth of discharge, state of health, terminal voltage, open circuit voltage and internal resistance. Section 1.3 explains the quantities that can be seen on the technical specifications used to describe the batteries, namely: nominal voltage, cut-off voltage, nominal capacity, coulometric capacity, nominal energy, lifetime, specific energy and power, energy or power density, maximum continuous discharge current, maximum 30-s discharge pulse current, charge voltage, float voltage, recommended charge current, maximum internal resistance.
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