Chapter III - Compensation of Memory Disorders Through External Memory Aids

Abstract

Compensation of memory impairments can also be achieved by reducing memory load in activities of daily life. Relying on external memory aids is one common method to compensate for memory impairments. External memory aids can be used passively or independently. Passive use of memory aids means that somebody else adds the prompts to the aid (when to do what), whereas independent use means that the patient him- or herself programs the times and events to be remembered. This chapter argues that both strategies to decrease memory load are fine, but they are best suited for different patients. Independent use presupposes intact cognitive skills except for memory as well as a habit of relying on memory aids before the occurrence of the brain lesion. For all other patients, training should involve the passive use of external aids. Two other aspects are important when introducing memory aids. The first aspect under consideration is the goal: Is it to help the patient to live more independently (by, e.g., using an electronic reminder), or is it to help the patient to track the events of the day (e.g., with a SenseCam)? Second, the treatment strategy: The introduction of external aids often depends on patients understanding and accepting the necessity of these tools, and it is not always wise to start directly with compensatory training if such insight is lacking. The chapter ends with a table that indicates the most appropriate external memory aids for each type of patient.