Abstract
By the 4th/10th century, madhhab learning took place in mosques and madrasas where jurists studied and taught full time and trained the next generation of scholars, many of whom became qadis or muftis. This chapter describes the classical texts used to look at examples of continuous development and then at change between the formative and classical periods. Scholars of the classical period drew upon many more traditions as well as upon texts and opinions attributed to the founders that have been lost or have changed over time. One of the generalizations made about fiqh in the classical period is that all Sunni schools based their doctrines on the Qurʾān, the sunna of the Prophet expressed in traditions. Classical jurists sometimes also add details that can change earlier positions.Keywords: classical periods; fiqh; formative periods; madhhab learning; Qurʾān; sunna; Sunni schools
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