Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play an important role in vascular plants, coordinating growth and stress responses and regulating most physiological processes. Recent advances have identified genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and signalling pathways. In contrast, little is known about PGRs in seaweeds and there is still debate as to whether seaweeds are able to synthesise their own PGRs. In this chapter, the five classic plant hormones, namely auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene as well as more recently discovered brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylic acid and strigolactones are considered in terms of their occurrence in seaweeds, physiological responses and their biosynthesis and regulation. These are compared to PGRs in nonvascular and vascular plants. In addition, potential practical uses of PGRs in seaweed biotechnology are highlighted.
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