Abstract
Quality improvement (QI) efforts in healthcare are primarily focused on improving outcomes. The Institute of Medicine has emphasized QI in six areas: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equality. In this context, healthcare administered during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth continues to show considerable center-to-center variability and needs careful study both for improving outcomes and also to reduce the possibility of harm. The care of premature and critically ill infants in neonatal intensive care units also involves high-risk skilled procedures that need careful analysis. In this chapter, we review the most important current QI priorities relevant to ill infants, explain the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) methodology for refining treatment efforts, and discuss the overall goals of all these efforts.
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