Abstract

This chapter reviews the therapeutic and neuroprosthetic applications of functional electrical stimulation (FES) among stroke survivors. There is growing evidence that therapeutic applications of surface and intramuscular FES are efficacious in facilitating upper- and lower-limb motor relearning and reducing poststroke shoulder pain. Neuroprosthetic applications such as surface and implanted peroneal nerve stimulation are efficacious in enhancing the gait speed of stroke survivors with foot drop. The clinical viability of upper-limb neuroprostheses must await the availability of additional fundamental and technical advances. The efficacy, limitations, and future development of FES for motor restoration in hemiplegia are discussed.

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