Abstract
This chapter focuses on vectors. Vector algebra is a powerful tool in formulating and solving problems in the plane and in space. Knowledge of vectors is indispensable in several variable calculus, classical and modern physics, engineering, statistics, numerical analysis, and mathematical economics. Vectors have two properties: length and direction, and many physical quantities, such as force, velocity, acceleration, momentum, torque, heat flow, and electric field. This accounts for the frequent use of vectors in the physical sciences. In the context of vector algebra, the term scalar means real number. The most intuitive physical interpretation of addition of vectors is in terms of force vectors. A force has magnitude and direction, hence is a vector.
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