Abstract
Plasmas encountered in space and astrophysical environments are usually far from the thermal equilibrium containing suprathermal particles. Electron distributions in such plasmas are best described by kappa distributions rather than Maxwellian distributions. This chapter presents an overview of ion/electron solitary waves (SWs) and double layers (DLs) in multicomponent plasmas, where the suprathermal electron component is described by kappa distributions. Types of solitons and DLs are relevant to the electrostatic SWs observed in the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres.
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