Abstract
Nanomaterials are classified on the basis of their structure, shape, origin, and size. The small size of nanoparticles facilitates the active chemical species to translocate from organismal barriers and may create nanostructure-associated toxicity. Lack of appropriate characterization and detection techniques and poor validation and reproducible methods for toxicological studies are bottlenecks for sustainable and safe use of nanomaterials. It is essential to gain specific data on the distinct mechanisms involved in nanomaterial toxicity and action in order to avoid or minimize potential hazards of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Exposure and toxicity studies are absolutely essential for selecting and developing desired nanomaterials. Laws and regulations are implemented in many countries of the world to address the emerging concerns. This review on protection and hazard controls for exposures reduction measurements of nanomaterials will provide a technical outlook to researchers and scientists to obtain guidance over safe development and application of advanced nanomaterials.
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