Abstract
Nutrition is one of the main factors influencing growth, maturation, and the risk of diseases. In adults the Mediterranean-style diet (MD) has been shown to decrease the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancers. Studies on MD in the pediatric age are relatively few. Behavior, social, and physiological players influencing eating habits change very quickly in children and adolescents. Contemporary the phenomenon of nutrition transition has been occurred. MD or traditional diets have been progressively replaced by diets rich in simple sugars and saturated fats. Thus adherence to the MD is poor in Mediterranean countries in younger populations. Unhealthy food choices impact on cardiometabolic health of children and adolescents. This chapter reviews factors influencing eating habits from infancy to adolescence, the strategies adopted to improve food choices, the adherence to the MD in the pediatric age, and the role of MD in prevention and development of metabolic diseases and obesity.
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