Abstract
This chapter describes the methods of measurement while drilling (MWD), including telemetry techniques, MWD sensors, abnormal pressure detection with MWD, and service company comparison. The key to the incorporation of MWD into the drilling process is the development of a reliable, cost-effective data transmission system. MWD telemetry techniques are mud pulse, electromagnetic, acoustic, and hardwired. Electric logging introduces electrical cables into the borehole and drill pipe, but precludes simultaneous drilling operations. Hardwired telemetry can provide a high data rate, two-way communications, and ample electrical power. While mud pulse telemetry has the slowest data rate of all the telemetry techniques, it is the only viable MWD system in commercial use today. The recently commercialized electromagnetic MWD can be used to transmit formation evaluation parameters during tripping because the downhole package is battery-powered. Sensors used to obtain downhole data provide information that may apply to one or more of these areas. The benefits of simplified downhole hardware and increased data rates continue to entice further development for the oilfield.
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