Abstract
4D printing, initially defined as “3D printing+time” with the fourth dimension to be time, has attracted tremendous interest in various research fields since 2013. 4D printing allows a 3D-printed structure to change its shape, property, or functionality with time in response to external stimuli. 4D printing technique involves the interdisciplinary research of smart materials, 3D printing techniques, and design/modeling. This chapter provides a general introduction to 4D printing, with a focus on the printing methodologies and material systems. After a brief overview of the history of 4D printing and basic components, we elaborated on the four major material systems using different printing approaches for 4D printing. For the material systems, the extensively studied shape-programmable materials including shape memory polymer, hydrogel composites, liquid crystal elastomers, and magnetoactive materials are summarized. The trend, perspectives, and potential applications of 4D printing are discussed.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
