Abstract
Hydrothermal gasification of biomass, which is gasification of biomass in hot compressed water, is discussed in this chapter. It employs water in supercritical state or subcritical liquid water. Due to complete gasification in a short reaction, this technology is considered an efficient gasification technology for wet biomass. For acceleration of reaction, three types of catalysts are discussed: metal, carbonaceous, and alkali. Reaction rate analysis has been conducted for overall analysis as well as for the reaction network model. Presently, three pilot plants exist worldwide. For commercialization, long-term operation as well as improvement in economic feasibility is warranted.
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