Abstract
The mechanics of dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) is considered from a fundamental perspective. Basic aspects of DPIs are given, followed by a detailed examination of the origin of adhesion forces between powder particles. The effect of surface roughness on adhesion, including models for predicting adhesive forces between rough particles, is discussed. The effect of capillary condensation of water and recent perspectives on the effect of electrostatic charge on adhesive forces are considered. Aerodynamic forces during powder entrainment and recent models for predicting these forces are given. Turbulence and its ability to detach agglomerated particles by direct aerodynamic forces and by transient accelerations induced by eddies are examined. Particle detachment by impaction, collision, and vibration is considered, followed by a discussion of dry-powder inhaler design.
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