Abstract
Data plays a critical role in the safety of all transportation modes (e.g., air, railroad, and highway). This chapter focuses specifically on highway traffic safety. Studies on highway traffic safety cover a variety of topics, including human factors, crash count/frequency modeling, safety effectiveness evaluation (e.g., before and after study), economic appraisal, hot spot analysis, and injury severity modeling. In this chapter, an overview of existing highway traffic safety research will be provided first. Based on this overview, various methodologies that have been adopted in these studies will be discussed and summarized. Since almost all these safety studies rely heavily on data and data analytics, a detailed discussion of available data for highway traffic safety applications and their limitations is presented. In addition, this chapter discusses potential new data sources enabled by various big data initiatives and recent advancements in Intelligent Transportations Systems (ITS), such as Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs).
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