Abstract

The number of species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) continues to increase with 109 species recognized by the end of 2019. Nearly one-third of those species have been identified since 2010. All species of RGMs are environmental organisms but relatively fewer, such as Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium fortuitum, are significant human pathogens. Traditional biochemical methods of identification and differentiation of RGMs have been largely replaced by molecular methods such as Sanger or whole-genome sequencing and by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

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