Abstract
Electromembrane processes have exhibited a steady growth in industrial applications over the last 50years. They are used in water processing, production of ultrapure water, management of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate streams for zero liquid discharge, valorisation of seawater RO concentrates and treatment of industrial wastewaters. This chapter describes the fundamentals of the electromembrane processes, such as electrodialysis and electrodeionisation, analyses the effects of various process parameters on their separation efficiencies and presents some examples of the use of these processes in environmental protection and industrial water treatment. Capacitive deionisation technology is also discussed.
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