Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of National Television System Committee (NTSC), Phase Alternation Line (PAL), and Sequentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire, or Sequential Color with Memory (SECAM). The various composite analog video signal formats are reviewed, along with video test signals. VBI data discussed includes timecode, closed captioning and extended data services (XDS), widescreen signaling and teletext. Additionally, PALplus, RF modulation, BTSC, and Zweiton analog stereo audio and NICAM 728 digital stereo audio are also reviewed. NTSC refers to the technique to add color information to the monochrome signal. The NTSC specification is modified to overcome the high order of phase and amplitude integrity required during broadcast to avoid color distortion. The Phase Alternation Line (PAL) system implements a line-by-line reversal of the phase of one of the color components, originally relying on the eye to average any color distortions to the correct color.
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