Abstract
This chapter defines noise as undesirable signals that are present in a circuit. Too much noise is a typical problem confronting many circuit designers. Once one evaluates where the noise sources are, eliminating circuit noise may be quite simple. Tools such as filters or lower noise devices provide effective solutions. The circuit board layout will also be critical. Each type of noise has its own set of possible solutions. The first noise type is device noise. Device noise is the intrinsic noise of the devices in the circuit. Examples of device noise are the thermal noise of a resistor or the shot noise of a transistor. Another type of device noise is the switching noise from a switched mode power supply (inductive based) or a switched capacitor converter (capacitive based). A second type of noise is radiated noise. One will find that radiated noise originates with EMI sources, such as switches or motors. These sources couple radiated noise into the signal. Radiated noise can also transmit from trace to trace on the PCB. The third type of noise that affects the performance of analog devices is conducted noise. This type of noise already exists in the conductive paths of the circuit, such as the power lines or signal path. Conducted noise mixes with the desired electrical signal. The origin of conducted noise is either device noise or radiated noise.
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