Abstract
With remarkable advantages of nanostructured materials, there is a tremendous growth in development of DNA biochip–based devices for point-of-care applications. DNA chips have attracted significant interest as they enable miniaturization, fast analysis, and integration with biochemical assays. Coupled with high sensitivity, selectivity, and low sample volume, the integration of nanostructures into DNA biochips offer several features such as low-cost diagnostic tests, quick analysis, and simplicity and reduced assay times. In this chapter, we focus on the application of the nanostructured materials toward development of DNA biochips, microarrays, and RNA biosensors. Biochips are known as DNA chips, protein chips, and microfluidic chips. We will discuss basics and fundamentals of DNA biochips, various nucleic acid biosensors including DNA, peptide nucleic acid, RNA, and aptamers. We also cover the surface functionalization of nanomaterials with DNA molecules and the importance of nanomaterials for biosensing using different techniques.
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