Abstract
Hybrid renewable energy systems that are constructed from photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries bank, and diesel generator (DG) are investigated for an off-grid load supply. The main parts of the system are modeled and optimally sized using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Details on the optimization constraints and convergence of the optimization algorithm are presented. The optimal system size was obtained for either minimum system overall cost or minimum emitted system pollution. The hybrid renewable energy system is also optimized for different batteries depth of discharge parameter. Energy management scheme for the hybrid system is presented to enable energy saving and avoid blackouts that may result during turning ON the DG. Finally, economical evaluation for a case study of the renewable energy system is discussed. The overall cost and payback period are found for the hybrid energy system. Then they are compared with cases when only DG or only PV and batteries bank are used.
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