Abstract
Filtration is the separation of solid particles from a liquid or gas by forcing the mixture through a porous medium. It is widely applied in the food industry, and its importance is often linked to food safety. We distinguish between depth filtration and surface filtration. Depth filtration is applied to the purification of air and water. Surface filtration is applied more extensively. The product may be the separated solid (cake) or the fluid (filtrate). The rate of filtration is of considerable economic and technological importance. The basic mechanism of surface filtration is flow through porous media, quantified by Darcy’s Law and further developed as the Kozeny–Karman equation. The role of filter cake is analyzed and the use of filter aid is explained. Industrial filters include sand filters, depth filters for air, cartridge filters, filter presses, rotary vacuum filters and centrifuge filters.
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