Abstract
Publisher Summary The chapter discusses elasticity and mechanical properties of rare earth metals. There area variety of types of hardness tests, but the most popular in the case of rare earth metals seems to have been the Brinell test and the Vickers, or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH) test as it is most commonly called. The DPH test is perhaps the most reliable hardness test and, in fact, should give hardness values in close agreement with the results of properly conducted Brinell and Knoop (when loads are >500g) hardness tests. Consequently, the emphasis in this section is on DPH data, but Brinell data are also presented where they are instructive. Frequently, microhardness data are quoted in the rare earth literature. As they are determined with a diamond pyramid indenter using lower loads than macrohardness, the author includes them with DPH values when they are in agreement with macroscopic values although it is recognized that microhardness results can be load sensitive. With the exception of the three cubic metals, γ-cerium, europium, and β-ytterbium, all the rare earth metals, at room temperature, have a hexagonal structure, which is strongly anisotropic. This inherent anisotropy appears in large grained as-cast structures and it is strong in polycrystalline materials that have been formed by rolling or swaging, even after full annealing.
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