Abstract
Rapid advancement in the synthesis, functionalization, and application of nanomaterials have enabled researchers to design and develop various classes of optically active nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters (Au/Ag), and carbon nanoparticles. In particular, the atomically precise fluorescent metal nanoclusters of gold and silver have received special attention for the construction of high-performance fluorescence sensors and biosensors owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and moleculelike photoluminescence arising due to their ultrasmall size. Metal nanoclusters can simply be defined as isolated particles of size smaller than ~3nm with several to 100 atoms that act as a missing link between atoms and the metal nanoparticles. Tremendous emphasis is laid on the development of synthesis methods that allows precise tuning of nanoclusters size with high monodispersity and purity to obtain the desired photophysical properties for potential applications in the field of sensing, biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics. This chapter provides an overview of the synthesis, optical properties, sensing, and bioimaging applications of fluorescent metal nanoclusters.
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