Abstract
Publisher Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to examine cortical physiology in intact human subjects. Depending on the stimulus parameters, TMS is used to test several different excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain. This chapter reviews various measures of cortical inhibition originating mainly in the motor cortex and induced either by the stimulation of the motor cortex itself or by the stimulation of other central or peripheral neural structures. These measures of cortical inhibition studied by the TMS are divided into intracortical that results from the stimulation of the same cortical area and cortical inhibition that results from the stimulation of other areas. The TMS measures originating in the primary motor cortex include silent period (SP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). The SP refers to the duration of interruption of voluntary motor activity after TMS. SICI involves a subthreshold conditioning stimulus followed by suprathreshold test stimulus. The motor cortex can also be inhibited or facilitated by the stimulation of other areas, such as the contralateral motor cortex, the cerebellum, or peripheral nerves.
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