Chapter 7 - Treatment of Attentional Problems

Abstract

This chapter provides guidelines to assist clinicians in developing a comprehensive model for treating attentional problems that integrate cognitive-behavioral, sensory integration, and dynamic interactional approaches. Various treatment approaches has been used in treating children with attention deficits. Those that are more widely used because of their proven effectiveness include behavior modification techniques to address problems of impulsivity and behavioral control, and cognitive training that emphasizes problem solving, organization, and self-monitoring skills. Use of medication to treat symptoms of ADHD is often helpful in reducing hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, particularly when it is combined with parent training and therapy directed at improving the child's self-control. The chapter provides background information about the different types of attentional problems commonly observed in young children. The attentional problems of individuals with autism and attention deficits with hyperactivity, mental retardation, and regulatory disorders are discussed, along with the process of attention. The foundations of attention–arousal and alerting–are detailed, including their role in sensory registration and orientation and habituation to novel stimuli. Practical information is provided about the impact of different types of stimuli on attention and the importance of selective attention, motivation, and persistence. Different treatment techniques are presented to address the underlying problems that contribute to attention deficit, emphasizing the use of child-centered therapy, with cognitive-behavioral and sensory integration approaches.