Abstract

• The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is critical for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) survival and metastasis• Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which inhibit the VEGF pathway prolong time to disease progression and overall survival in advanced RCC• The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is aberrant in a significant number of renal cancers and is a second critical pathway in RCC• mTOR inhibitors prolong time to disease progression and overall survival in select groups of patients with RCC• Toxicities of VEGF tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors used for RCC therapy require close monitoring, management, and at times dosage modifications.

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