Abstract
This study presents the mechanical, dimensional, and 4D properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene (Gr)/BaTiO3 composites developed via chemical mixing method. The PVDF was selected as a base polymer matrix due to its flexible, light-weight, and high piezoelectric properties. As per the previously reported studies on mechanical blending, the proportion of Gr and BaTiO3 was 2% and 15% by weight in polymer matrix. Standard tensile specimens as per ASTM D-638 were 3D printed using a feedstock filament prepared from developed composite. The results of mechanical testing highlighted that parts prepared with 50mm/s infill speed (IS), 0 degree infill angle (IA), and 100% infill density (ID) have shown maximum surface hardness (78.7 Shore-D). Further, dimensional analysis performed over 3D printed specimens shown that experimental settings IS 70mm/s, IA 90 degrees, and ID 100% provides minimum dimensional deviation. The values of process capability indices (Cp>1 and Cpk>1) from process capability analysis represents that 3D printing of specimens at fused deposition modeling is statistically under control process for batch production applications. Further piezoelectric coefficient (D33) was measured to evaluate the 4D properties. It was observed that an electrically poled 3D printed thin cylindrical disk has shown D33 value of 30.2pC/N, acceptable for 4D applications.
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