Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pH is of paramount importance in the maintenance of many cellular functions. Intracellular (cytosolic) pH is regulated at a level that is different from the extracellular pH. In addition, different compartments within the cell display pH values that differ by up to 3 units from the cytosolic pH. The prevalence of specific pH levels within the particular cellular compartments is not fortuitous. Precise control over intracellular pH, both cytosolic and intraorganellar, is critical to the proper functioning of the cell. Intracellular membrane traffic, endocytosis and receptor recycling, and cytosolic enzyme function are but a few of the myriad processes that are pH dependent. This chapter describes the recent advances in the understanding of some of the major mechanisms responsible for this precise regulation. In addition, a brief methodological section is also provided. Finally, the functional significance of cytosolic and organellar pH is discussed in some detail.
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