Abstract
Nanomaterials are considered strong candidates for application in early diagnosis and effective therapies for reduction of cancer mortality. For this reason, scientists have focused on developing novel therapeutics and contrast agents, mainly consisting of functional nanocomposites, to enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis and effective treatment. Nanocomposites, defined as structures possessing various characteristics and functions coming from the combination of diverse materials in a single nanoplatform, have started to find wide application in biomedicine, particularly in cancer therapy and diagnosis. From this perspective, this review of the most commonly used synthetic techniques and methods of surface modification of nanocomposites will help guide the development of novel materials for not only cancer therapy and diagnosis but also gene delivery and other bioimaging techniques, biosensing, tissue engineering, etc. Furthermore, the potential applications of functional nanocomposites in cancer diagnoses such as magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, and cancer treatments such as neutron capture therapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and drug delivery are discussed in this chapter.
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