Abstract
This chapter assesses fluorine emissions as an atmospheric pollutant that originated from the clay-based raw material used in ceramic industries. After a short review on the production technology of ceramic products, the main features of fluorine emission in firing processes are outlined. It is demonstrated that the emission rate of fluorine increases with the increasing fluorine content in the raw material and the firing temperature. A roundup of methods has been reported for emission sampling and analysis of fluorine content both in gaseous emission and in clay raw materials. The fluorine content of clays on an average is much the same as the one typically found in the Earth's crust, as shown by different studies reported in this work; hence, clays cannot be considered as a major source of fluoride. However, due to the large amount of clays used, the total emission needs to be under control: a detailed review of principal abatement techniques usually used in the ceramic sector is described, in order to underline the different abatement efficiency. A very brief summary of diseases caused in animals and plants by an excess of fluoride in water and atmosphere is also presented.
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