Abstract
This chapter reviews the optical absorption and emission spectra of conjugated polymers and oligomers. The optical bandgaps of the conjugated polymers that are organic semiconductors range from 1 to 3.5 eV. The photoluminescence spectra of conjugated polymers and oligomers are useful in designing electroluminescent devices—such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs)—fabricated with conjugated polymers. The sub-gap absorptions induced by chemical doping or photoirradiation are associated with self-localized excitations (solitons, polarons, bipolarons, and excitons) in conjugated polymers. Charged solitons, polarons, and bipolarons are charge carriers in conjugated polymers. Doping- and photo-induced absorptions are studied in the chapter on the basis of the absorption spectra of model compounds: the radical ions, the divalent ions, and the anions of various oligomers.
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