Abstract
After the transesterification process is completed, the resulting product, crude biodiesel, contains different impurities such as free fatty acids, soap, excess methanol, catalyst, triglycerides, impurities from the raw material, glycerol, etc. To use biodiesel as a fuel, these impurities must be removed to the greatest extent. Many different technologies can be applied for that purpose, like gravitational settling, wet and dry washing, membrane separation, etc. The selection of the method used for purification depends on not only the feedstock used and conditions of the transesterification process but also desired purity of the biodiesel. Usually, a combination of methods is necessary to obtain biodiesel that meets the standards proposed by ASTM D6571 or EN14214. In this chapter, different purification technologies are reviewed and compared. Also, the challenges needed to overcome the existing limitations are critically discussed.
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