Abstract
The chapter describes oophoritis also known as autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD). It begins with the history of AOD, clinical features, pathology, and epidemiology. AOD has been identified primarily by indirect and circumstantial evidence. Circumstantial evidence for AOD includes lymphocytic infiltration of ovarian follicles in women with premature ovarian failure (POF), frequent association of POF and infertility with other autoimmune diseases, and a tendency of POF to be familial. Indirect evidence for an autoimmune disease of the ovary includes the association of ovarian autoantibodies with POF and some types of infertility. Furthermore, chapter discusses several types of ovary-specific autoantibodies, including those to microsomal antigens, granulosa cells, thecal cells, zona pellucida (ZP), and oocytes. Moreover, ovarian autoantibodies are the main diagnostic indicator of AOD. Antibodies are detected by immunoassay or immunohistochemistry, and results may vary slightly depending on the antigen preparation and assay conditions. Current research is directed at identifying the specific target antigens that can lead to routine commercial tests.
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