Abstract
Adsorption is regarded as one of the simplest and cheapest techniques for the removal or the elimination of pollution from aqueous solutions. Carbon-based materials, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and its derivatives including graphene oxide and others, have tremendous potential application in the purification of heavy metal or radionuclide ion-contaminated water. Carbon-based materials especially novel carbon nanomaterials show high adsorption capacity and selectivity owing to ample functional groups and large specific surface area. Here, we review the latest advancement in the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in water treatment and environmental remediation. The properties of carbon-based materials and their removal efficiency for heavy metal ions and radionuclides are compared, the main sorption mechanisms are summarized including kinetic analysis, thermodynamic analysis, surface complexation models, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical calculation. In addition, the dispersion/aggregation behavior of carbon-based nanomaterials that may affect the fate or transport of dissolved pollution and suspended particles are reviews in detail.
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