Abstract
TRH was the first hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neurohormone to be identified. It consists of the tripeptide pGlu-His-Pro-NH2, which is fully conserved in the animal kingdom. TRH is synthesized from a precursor that contains multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence Gln-His-Pro-Gly. The hypophysiotropic TRH neurons are localized in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and send fibers to the external zone of the median eminence, where TRH is released into the hypophysial portal circulation. TRH stimulates the secretion of TSH, PRL, GH, and α-MSH from the pituitary differently depending on the species. TRH-expressing cells are widely distributed in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and lower brainstem regions, and also in peripheral tissues. TRH functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and is involved in various neurobehavioral functions, including sleep, anxiety, depression, learning, and memory. TRH action is mediated via a membrane receptor mainly coupled to Gq/11 protein.
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