Abstract
This chapter presents a simplified model that enables one to estimate the minimum concentration of particles below which their effect is negligible and the equations for a single particle are valid. Additionally, an approach is presented based on the Monte Carlo method that makes it possible to account for collisions between particles and their effect on the behavior of the multiparticle system. Markov chain is a probability model for a physical system that is very useful in the study of complex systems. In the field of impinging streams, Markov chains were found to be useful in the interpretation of RTD data in gas–solid systems. The basic concepts of a Markov-chain model are—state space, single-step transition probability matrix P, and initial state probability vector S(0).
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