Abstract
This chapter deals with process simulation and optimization. It discusses the use of the equation-oriented approach as well as the sequential modular approach. In the first approach, models are derived for individual unit operations of a process and combined to represent a specific process flowsheet. The model equations are then solved according to a defined solution strategy. The second approach uses process simulation software where pre-defined models of unit operations already exist in a model library, represents a process flowsheet with models selected from the library, and then performs simulations of the process flowsheet. The former uses the ICAS-MOT modelling tool to develop, analyze, and solve the model equations, while in the latter a commercial simulator (PRO/II) is used to perform the simulations. To highlight the main concepts and principles, simple mass balance models are used in the equation-oriented approach. In the process simulation part, rigorous simulation covering mass and energy balances are used, after an initial mass balance modelling/simulation. The study focuses on four well-known process simulation problems—the Williams-Otto plant, the process for hydrodealkylation of toluene, the process for conversion of ethylene to ethanol, and a bioethanol production process.
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