Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the salt effect on the activity of hydrogen ions in concentrated aqueous solutions. The pH values obtained for concentrated aqueous solutions can only estimate the hydrogen ion activity. The effect of pH on several solutions such as carbonate solutions and orthophosphate solutions are presented in the chapter. The change of pH under the dilution of solutions reflecting the change in the activity coefficient of bivalent anions as a function of the solution ionic strength should be observed in other buffer solutions containing some acidic salts. In concentrated solutions, the hydration effect exceeds the change in electrostatic interaction energy. This treatment, taking into account the ion hydration but ignoring the change in electrostatic energy, permits the calculation of the activity coefficients in concentrated electrolyte solutions with good approximation. Concentrated normal seawater shows a decrease in pH. Changing the hydrogen ion activity in systems such as lagoons and salt-producing ponds affects the solubility of a number of salts and minerals, as well as the equilibrium and kinetics of many processes.
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