Abstract

The general aspects, kinetics, and types of nuclear reactions and their chemical effects will be discussed in this chapter. The general aspects will include the first nuclear reactions, the conservation principles, and the calculation of energy (exoergic and endoergic reactions, threshold energy, and the Coulomb barrier). In kinetics, the activation and the cooling (decay) process will be discussed. The nuclear reaction will be classified by the irradiating particle: the basic properties of the nuclear reactions with neutral particles (neutrons and gamma photons) and charged particles (protons, deuterons, alpha particles, and heavier nuclei (production of transuranium elements updated to 2017)) will be shown. The basic properties of the different types (the radiochemical properties of the product, energy of the reaction, instrumentation, etc.) of nuclear reactions will be sketched as well. The nuclear reactions at high temperature will be illustrated, including nucleogenesis, the formation of the elements in the universe. Finally, the chemical effects of nuclear reactions will be discussed.

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