Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents a novel, behavioral physiological stress concept that originates from the classical view that stress is a response. This new concept is extended to environment, behavior, and physiology, and it incorporates the novel neuroendocrine views including the neuropeptide concept. Stress is viewed as a general biological and usually functional response to environmental and bodily demands. A stress depends on interactions among environment, individual characteristics and the properties of stressors, stress, and the physiological systems, and also among the nervous system, peripheral organ systems, and the neuroendocrine system. To adapt to the altering social and physical environmental demands, man and other animals require a chain of behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic physiological and metabolic responses to maintain bodily and mental homeostasis. The neuroendocrine state of the brain is given a central position in determining the state of health or disease of mind and body.
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