Abstract
Terpenes are a family of secondary metabolites consisting of isoprene (C5H8) units that, like other phytochemicals, exhibit great diversity in bioactivities and mechanisms of action. However, they present pharmacological and chemical limitations as they are sensitive to environmental conditions, undergoing volatilization and chemical degradation, as well as present with low water solubility and reduced bioavailability. Therefore, nanodelivery systems have been used to reduce or overcome these limitations, allowing for the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds throughout the body. Among nanodelivery systems, we can find liposomes, vesicular systems, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. Some terpenes have been also used and are recognized by the US Food and Drug Administration as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) penetration enhancers, being used as bioactive compounds as well as excipients for other phytochemicals or drugs. Moreover, this property makes them ideal for topical routes of administration.
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