Abstract
Metamorphic rocks are product of transformation or solid-state recrystallization of existing (protolith) igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, due to change in physical and chemical conditions, principally temperature, pressure and introduction of chemically active fluids and gases. Metamorphism alters the mineral composition including formation of new minerals (garnet, zoisite, kyanite, chlorite, biotite, sericite, staurolite, sillimanite, talc and andalusite). Sources of temperature are geothermic gradient, effect of magmatic body and friction in rock masses of tectonic movements following prograde or retrograde mechanism. Pressure is caused by weight of sediments or crust. Common textures are crystalline, granular, xenoblastic, idioblasts, granoblastic, and porphyroblastic. Structures include gneissic, schistose and slaty.
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