Abstract

The frame element developed in this chapter is also known in many commercial software packages as the general beam element, or even simply the beam element. Commercial software packages usually offer both pure beam and frame elements, but frame structures are more often used in actual engineering applications. A frame element is seen to possess the properties and capabilities of both truss and beam elements. The developments of FEM equations for bar and beam elements facilitate the development of FEM equations for frame structures in this chapter.

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