Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of expert systems technology and knowledge-based systems and some of the theoretical ideas about knowledge that are emerging. Early artificial-intelligence (AI) research on the formalization of knowledge had primarily theoretical objectives. Such research, however, helped in developing computer programs that, to a degree, could emulate human cognitive skills such as medical diagnosis and decision making. Early expert systems were intended to help people without specialist knowledge of a field to make decisions as though they were expert in that field. The key idea introduced in this chapter on expert systems is that of making the knowledge that underlies expertise explicit. AI tries to capture the meaning of technical and everyday concepts in a way that can be used by a computer for decision making, problem solving, and so forth.
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