Abstract
An electrochemical cell is also known as Galvanic cell or Voltaic cell. It can be classified into two groups: chemical cell and electrolytic cell. The “cell reaction” that occurs when the cell circuit is closed consists of two electrochemical reactions: one at the anode and the other at the cathode. Electromotive force is the potential of the right hand electrode referred to the potential of the left hand electrode. The electrode potential of an electrode reaction at equilibrium can be measured as the electromotive force of an electrochemical cell composed of both the reaction electrode and the normal hydrogen electrode. The potential of the reaction electrode thus measured is taken as the equilibrium potential of the electrode reaction relative to the normal hydrogen electrode. The chemical potential of hydrated ions is determined from the equilibrium potential of ion transfer reactions referred to the normal hydrogen electrode.
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