Abstract

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most economically important virus disease of citrus in the world, having lost more than 100 million trees on sour orange rootstock. The virus primarily spreads by infected budwood and several aphid species in a semipersistent manner. CTV is a member of the Closterovirus genus in the family Closteroviridae and is the largest nonsegmented plant RNA virus. Genetic variation between isolates is unevenly distributed along the CTV gRNA, the most conserved region being the 3′-UTR, with over 95% identity and the most variable being the 5′-UTR, with identity values as low as 44%. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequences, CTV strains fall into eight broad genotypes. CTV is a regulated Class-A plant pest, and a monoclonal antibody (MCA13) can be used in ELISA for preliminary screening for potentially severe as well as exotic strains of CTV to California.

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