Abstract
Phytochemicals are chemical constituents isolated from various plants that are used widely for treating several diseases. These plants’ botanicals contain various kinds of important bioactive molecules used by various medicinal and pharmaceutical industries globally. In this book chapter, the main focus is to describe various analytical techniques and methods used for the extraction, isolation and characterization of these bioactive phytochemicals. Several types of characterization techniques are used for the identification and characterization of phytoconstituents so there is a need to describe all of these in one place. This chapter mainly focuses on the methods and techniques, used for isolation and characterization of bioactive constituents of the plants, with their applications. The phytochemical screening and analysis of biologically active components present in the extracts of plants involving the applications of common phytochemical investigation such as various chromatographic techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, various types of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry have been discussed.
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