Abstract
The characteristics and suitability of different camera types available for small-format aerial photography (SFAP) along with recommended settings are discussed in this chapter. Digital cameras have largely replaced earlier analog (film) cameras; mirrorless interchangeable-lens, compact point-and-shoot, and integrated on-board quadcopter drone cameras are now the most commonly used types for SFAP applications. Correct exposure of the image requires considerations related to lens focal length, image format, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO rating of the electronic sensor or film. The photographer should also be aware of factors that may lead to image degradation. Specific camera types or system constellations may be used for advanced SFAP applications. Color-infrared and multispectral photography are quite useful for display and analysis of vegetation, water bodies, soils, and other natural phenomena, and various camera models designed for multispectral UAS photography exist. Photogrammetric analysis of small-format aerial imagery presents additional challenges for the cameras employed.
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