Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel with great potential to meet the ever-increasing demand for transport fuel. The conventional alkaline process for biodiesel production is highly energy-consuming and generates undesirable by-products. Lipases have thus emerged as a promising tool for converting a wide range of feedstock oils into biodiesel due to their catalytic efficiency and specificity. The application of lipases in both free and immobilized forms via enzymatic catalysis is a viable approach to produce cleaner and greener biodiesel under milder conditions because they produce less waste than the conventional chemical process. The limitations associated with the industrial viability of this enzymatic methodology are mainly related to the high enzyme production and purification costs, relatively slow reaction rates, and lipase inactivation caused by methanol and glycerol, which may be overcome using molecular technology. This chapter presents several recent developments to summarize the current state of and perspectives for enzymatic biodiesel production and highlight the key operational variables that influence lipase activity and stability alongside technological solutions for the industrial implementation of enzymatic biodiesel production.
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